Which religious theory states that God has already determined a person's fate?

Predestination is a theological concept most commonly associated with Calvinism, which posits that God has already determined the eternal fate of every individual, meaning that some are destined for salvation while others are not. This doctrine emphasizes the idea that God's will is sovereign and that human actions or decisions do not influence one's ultimate fate.

This belief stems from certain interpretations of biblical passages, particularly in the writings of John Calvin, who was a key figure in the Protestant Reformation. The notion of predestination suggests that God’s grace is given to those He has chosen, regardless of their actions or merits—a fundamental aspect of Calvinist theology.

Other options, while related to religious themes, do not encapsulate the concept of predetermined fate in the same way. Salvation pertains to the act of being saved, grace refers to the unmerited favor of God, and Calvinism is the broader theological framework that includes the doctrine of predestination but does not solely define it. Thus, predestination specifically identifies the belief that fate is predetermined by divine will.