Which region did Macedonia conquer under the leadership of Philip II and Alexander the Great?

The correct answer focuses on the significant military achievements of Philip II and his son, Alexander the Great. Under their leadership, Macedonia successfully conquered Greece, which was a critical step in unifying the regions under Macedonian control. Philip II's tactics and reforms strengthened the Macedonian army, enabling him to defeat various Greek city-states, notably at the Battle of Chaeronea in 338 BCE.

Following Philip's reign, Alexander the Great continued this expansion, moving further into the Persian Empire. While he did indeed conquer significant regions like parts of Anatolia and Persia, the question emphasizes the initial conquests which primarily included Greece. Therefore, the choice of Greece and Mesopotamia reflects the origins of Macedonian expansion, as Alexander's early campaigns were deeply intertwined with the existing conflicts and political dynamics within Greek territories before his later adventures into the broader Persian Empire, including the conquest of Anatolia and later regions stretching to India.