Which of the following describes a feature of early cities that emerged due to surplus food production?

Early cities that emerged as a result of surplus food production often required some form of defense due to their newfound wealth and population density. With increased agricultural output, these cities attracted more people, including traders and craftsmen, which made them desirable targets for potential invaders and rival groups. As a protective measure, many early urban centers were surrounded by high walls or other fortifications to defend against attacks and to maintain control over the resources within. This need for security contrasted sharply with nomadic lifestyles, where communities were typically more transient and did not necessitate such defensive structures. The development of defenses became a hallmark of civilization, reflecting not just the abundance of resources but also the complexities and vulnerabilities that come with settled life.