Which French explorer was the first to explore the mainland of Canada?

The French explorer who first explored the mainland of Canada is Jacques Cartier. He undertook several voyages in the early 16th century, specifically in 1534, 1535, and 1541, during which he navigated the St. Lawrence River and explored parts of what is now Canada, including the areas around Quebec. Cartier's expeditions were crucial in establishing French claims to territories in North America and laid the groundwork for future French colonization.

In contrast, Hernan Cortes is renowned for his conquest of the Aztec Empire in Mexico, which is not related to Canada. John Cabot, an Italian navigator sailing under an English flag, is credited with being one of the first Europeans to reach North America, but he primarily explored the eastern coasts and did not travel through Canada. Ponce de Leon, known for his search for the Fountain of Youth, focused on the exploration of Florida and other parts of the southern United States, also having no connection to Canadian exploration. Thus, Cartier stands out as the key figure in the exploration of Canada's mainland.