Which composer is recognized for the concept of counterpoint, involving two melodies played together?

The recognition of Johann Sebastian Bach in the context of counterpoint stems from his mastery in weaving together independent melodies to create a rich, harmonious texture. Counterpoint, a key compositional technique, involves the interplay of two or more melodic lines, each maintaining its own identity while contributing to the overall musical fabric. Bach's works, particularly in the Baroque period, showcase this technique beautifully — especially in his fugues and canons.

His ability to combine multiple melodies seamlessly not only highlights his technical skill but also underscores his influence on the development of Western music. While other composers, like Mozart, also made significant contributions to music, it is Bach who is most profoundly associated with the formal development and expression of counterpoint. The other individuals in the list do not relate to musical composition; rather, they are known for their explorations and endeavors in different fields altogether.