Which civilization is known for its powerful presence near modern-day Mexico City?

The Aztec civilization is renowned for its powerful presence near modern-day Mexico City, where it established its capital, Tenochtitlan. This city was a significant political, economic, and cultural center in Mesoamerica and was known for its advanced urban infrastructure, including canals, temples, and floating gardens (chinampas) that facilitated agriculture and trade. The Aztecs were also known for their complex social hierarchy, religious practices, and extensive trade networks that connected them with other civilizations. Their influence in the region thrived until the Spanish conquest in the early 16th century, which led to significant changes in the area and the eventual decline of the Aztec Empire.

In contrast, while the Maya civilization was located in present-day southern Mexico and Central America and made notable contributions to mathematics, astronomy, and writing, they did not dominate the area where modern-day Mexico City stands. The Inca civilization was located much farther south in South America, primarily in present-day Peru, and did not have a presence near Mexico City. The Zapotec civilization, which thrived in the Oaxaca Valley also in Mexico, was significant but not as dominant in the region surrounding modern-day Mexico City as the Aztecs were.