What was the significance of the Battle at Granicus River?

The significance of the Battle at Granicus River lies in its role as Alexander's first major battle against the Persian forces during his campaign to conquer Asia. Fought in 334 BCE, this battle marked a crucial turning point for Alexander as it not only tested his military strategies but also established him as a formidable leader in the eyes of both his troops and his enemies. The victory at Granicus opened the path for further conquests in Asia Minor, leading to the eventual downfall of the Persian Empire. This battle showcased Alexander's skills in leadership and tactics, and it set the stage for subsequent confrontations with the Persians, thereby having a lasting impact on history.

In this context, the other options do not accurately capture the essence of the battle's significance. It was not a naval battle (as suggested in one choice) nor did it mark the end of the Persian Empire, which happened later, nor did it directly relate to Philip II's dominance over Greece, although Alexander was indeed his son and had inherited that legacy. Thus, focusing on its impact as Alexander's initial engagement in Persian territory highlights its historical importance.