What was Henry Hudson primarily searching for during his exploration?

Henry Hudson was primarily searching for a northwest passage through North America, which was believed to be a direct route to Asia. During the early 17th century, European explorers were eager to find efficient trade routes to the lucrative markets of Asia, particularly for spices and silks. The idea of a northwest passage, which would allow ships to sail around North America to reach the Pacific Ocean and then on to Asia, became a significant focus of exploration efforts.

Hudson's voyages, particularly those undertaken in the early 1600s, were aimed at discovering this passage. Although he did not find a direct route, his explorations led to significant geographical discoveries, including the exploration of the Hudson River and Hudson Bay, which contributed to the later settlement and economic development of North America.

The other options represent different pursuits that were less aligned with Hudson's specific explorations. The quest for a route to China for trade was a broader motive of several explorers but was not the singular focus of Hudson's voyages. The passages around South America and the fabled seven cities of gold were related to other exploration narratives of the time, but they did not directly pertain to Hudson's objectives or findings.