What was a primary function of a central government in ancient civilizations?

A primary function of a central government in ancient civilizations was to ensure a steady food supply. This role was crucial for the stability and survival of early societies. Central governments often managed agricultural production by implementing systems of irrigation, organizing labor for farming, and maintaining granaries to store surplus food. By overseeing these activities, the government could help prevent famine, support a growing population, and enable specialization of labor, which led to advancements in other areas such as trade, art, and technology.

While the other roles, such as overseeing artistic endeavors, promoting religious practices, and facilitating international trade, were also significant in ancient civilizations, they were often secondary to the fundamental need for food security. Without a reliable food supply, the foundational elements of complex societies would be undermined, making it difficult for other aspects of civilization to flourish. Thus, ensuring a steady food supply was essential for the overall functioning and longevity of ancient governments.