What type of government did Rousseau advocate for in his political philosophy?

Rousseau is best known for his advocacy of democracy, particularly as articulated in his influential work "The Social Contract." In this text, he argues that legitimate political authority comes from the general will of the people, which reflects the collective interests and aspirations of the citizenry rather than the desires of a monarch or ruling elite. Rousseau believed that a democratic government should be founded on the principle of popular sovereignty, where the power rests with the people and is exercised through their collective decision-making.

Rousseau's idea of democracy emphasizes not simply the act of voting but also active participation in governance, ensuring that citizens have a meaningful role in shaping laws and policies affecting their lives. This vision prioritizes equality and freedom, aligning with his belief that individuals are inherently free and that society should be organized in a manner that reflects mutual respect and cooperation among all members.

In contrast, the other forms of government mentioned do not align with Rousseau's vision. Monarchy concentrates power in the hands of a single ruler, which Rousseau opposed, as it risks the subjugation of the people's will. Anarchy, defined by a lack of any formal government, does not fulfill Rousseau's ideal of social order where the collective will is expressed. A dictatorship represents