What significant event is associated with the Columbian Exchange?

The Columbian Exchange refers to the extensive transfer of plants, animals, culture, human populations, technology, diseases, and ideas between the Americas and the old world (Europe, Africa, and Asia) following Christopher Columbus's voyages. This exchange had profound impacts on both sides of the Atlantic, drastically changing agricultural practices, diets, and populations.

The spread of crops such as corn, potatoes, and tomatoes from the Americas to Europe significantly altered European agriculture and cuisine, leading to population growth in Europe. Conversely, the introduction of European livestock and grains to the Americas transformed Indigenous farming and dietary habits. Additionally, the exchange included the transmission of diseases like smallpox, which had devastating effects on Indigenous populations due to their lack of immunity. This event is crucial as it reshaped global ecosystems, economies, and societies, marking a significant turning point in world history.

The other options do not relate directly to the Columbian Exchange. The establishment of the Spanish Armada pertains to military conflicts rather than agricultural and biological exchange. The discovery of new territories in Asia does not involve the Americas directly and is more about exploration and trade routes than the exchange of goods and ideas. The development of the first navigational school, while important for maritime exploration, does not encapsulate the vast