What role did defensive walls play in ancient public works?

Defensive walls were primarily constructed to protect cities from invaders, serving as a crucial element of ancient urban design and military strategy. These fortifications were typically built to withstand sieges and assaults, protecting the inhabitants and securing the resources within the city. In many ancient civilizations, such as those in Mesopotamia, Egypt, and the Roman Empire, city walls showcased engineering prowess and strategic defense.

By providing a barrier against potential attackers, these walls allowed for the establishment of stable communities that could thrive despite the constant threat of conflict. In some cases, the walls were equipped with towers, moats, and gates that further enhanced their defensive capabilities. The presence of such structures was instrumental in the development of trade, culture, and governance within these cities, as they offered security that encouraged economic activity and settlement. Defensive walls thus served as both a practical measure for survival and a symbol of the city's strength and resilience against outside threats.