What is the pilgrimage to Mecca that Muslims are required to perform?

The pilgrimage to Mecca that Muslims are required to perform is known as Hajj. This journey is a central act of worship and one of the Five Pillars of Islam, which are foundational acts that shape a Muslim's faith and practices. Hajj is obligatory for every Muslim who is physically and financially able to make the pilgrimage at least once in their lifetime.

During Hajj, Muslims gather in Mecca to perform a series of rituals over several days, including walking around the Kaaba, praying at the site, and participating in various rites that commemorate the actions of the Prophet Ibrahim (Abraham) and his family. This pilgrimage aims to promote unity among Muslims, as they gather from diverse backgrounds in a shared experience of faith, humility, and devotion.

The other options refer to different aspects of Islamic practice: Sawm pertains to fasting during the month of Ramadan, Zakat involves giving to charity and supporting those in need, and Shahada is the declaration of faith, the fundamental statement that there is no god but Allah and Muhammad is His messenger. Each of these plays a vital role in a Muslim's practice but does not specifically refer to the pilgrimage to Mecca.