What does legalism focus on in terms of governance?

Legalism, as a philosophy of governance, emphasizes the central role of laws and strict enforcement as the primary means of maintaining order and control within a society. It asserts that human beings are inherently selfish and that they require clear, established laws to regulate their behavior. Legalists believe that rigorous enforcement of these laws is essential for ensuring compliance and deterring wrongdoing.

In this framework, the state is seen as the ultimate authority, and individuals are expected to adhere strictly to the rules prescribed by the governing body. The focus on laws and their enforcement is meant to create a stable society where the actions of individuals are predictable and controlled. This distinct approach contrasts sharply with other philosophies that might prioritize ethical conduct, public welfare, or social harmony, reflecting a more lenient or moralistic view of governance.

By concentrating on an unyielding system of laws, legalism seeks to eliminate ambiguity in social order and reduce the potential for conflict, which aims to create a prosperous and orderly state, even at the cost of individual freedoms or moral considerations.