What does 'Acropolis' refer to in ancient Greek cities?

The term 'Acropolis' refers specifically to a fortified hilltop, which was a crucial aspect of ancient Greek city planning. In many city-states, the Acropolis served as a defensive structure and a central place of refuge during times of invasion. It was typically situated on elevated ground, providing advantageous views of the surrounding area.

Beyond its defensive purpose, the Acropolis also played a significant civic and religious role. It often housed important temples and public buildings, though those structures were secondary to the primary feature of the Acropolis itself as a fortified hilltop. This combination of fortification and significance to civic life distinguishes the Acropolis from other elements of the city, such as marketplaces, governmental buildings, or temples, which may have existed in different areas of the urban landscape.